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PurposeExposure to blue light is thought to be harmful to the retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term exposure to narrowband blue light on retinal function in rhesus monkeys.MethodsYoung rhesus ...
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PurposeExposure to blue light is thought to be harmful to the retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term exposure to narrowband blue light on retinal function in rhesus monkeys.MethodsYoung rhesus monkeys were reared under short-wavelength "blue" light (n = 7; 465 nm, 183 +/- 28 lx) on a 12-h light/dark cycle starting at 26 +/- 2 days of age. Age-matched control monkeys were reared under broadband "white" light (n = 8; 504 +/- 168 lx). Light- and dark-adapted full-field flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded at 330 +/- 9 days of age. Photopic stimuli were brief red flashes (0.044-5.68 cd.s/m(2)) on a rod-saturating blue background and the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard 3.0 white flash on a 30 cd/m(2) white background. Monkeys were dark adapted for 20 min and scotopic stimuli were ISCEV standard white flashes of 0.01, 3.0, and 10 cd.s/m(2). A-wave, b-wave, and photopic negative response (PhNR) amplitudes were measured. Light-adapted ERGs in young monkeys were compared to ERGs in adult monkeys reared in white light (n = 10; 4.91 +/- 0.88 years of age).ResultsFor red flashes on a blue background, there were no significant differences in a-wave (P = 0.46), b-wave (P = 0.75), and PhNR amplitudes (P = 0.94) between white light and blue light reared monkeys for all stimulus energies. ISCEV standard light- and dark-adapted a- and b-wave amplitudes were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in a- and b-wave implicit times between groups for all ISCEV standard stimuli (P > 0.05 for all). PhNR amplitudes of young monkeys were significantly smaller compared to adult monkeys for all stimulus energies (P < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in a-wave (P = 0.19) and b-wave (P = 0.17) amplitudes between young and adult white light reared monkeys.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to narrowband blue light did not affect photopic or scotopic ERG responses in young monkeys. Findings suggest that exposure to 12 h of daily blue light for approximately 10 months does not result in altered retinal function.
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The non-Hispanic Black population experiences trauma-related disparities. One potentially important individual difference construct for posttraumatic stress is anxiety sensitivity. There is limited work on anxiety sensitivity amon...
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The non-Hispanic Black population experiences trauma-related disparities. One potentially important individual difference construct for posttraumatic stress is anxiety sensitivity. There is limited work on anxiety sensitivity among non-Hispanic Black persons, and no research has focused on this construct in terms of posttraumatic stress among this population. This study sought to build on this limited knowledge by exploring whether this construct was uniquely associated with more severe posttraumatic stress among this population. Participants included non-Hispanic Black trauma-exposed adults (N = 121; M-age = 21.79 years). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was related to more severe overall posttraumatic stress and greater severity of each posttraumatic stress symptom cluster; all effects were evident after adjusting for the variance accounted for by age, sex, education, subjective social status, neuroticism, and number of traumatic event types experienced (lifetime). The study provides the first empirical evidence that, among a trauma-exposed non-Hispanic Black sample of adults, anxiety sensitivity is related to more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. This intraindividual difference factor could be a focus of intervention programming for this trauma disparity population.
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Background: Opioid misuse in the context of pain management exacts a significant public health burden. Past work has established linkages between negative mood (i.e., symptoms of anxiety and depression) and opioid misuse/dependenc...
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Background: Opioid misuse in the context of pain management exacts a significant public health burden. Past work has established linkages between negative mood (i.e., symptoms of anxiety and depression) and opioid misuse/dependence, yet the mechanisms underlying these associations have received little scientific investigation. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the fear of the negative consequences of internal states, may be relevant to better understanding negative mood-opioid relations among adults with chronic pain. Methods: Simultaneous indirect effects of negative mood on opioid misuse and opioid dependence via lower-order factors of AS (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) were examined cross-sectionally in the present study. The study sample consisted of 428 adults (74.1% female, M-age = 38.27 years, SD = 11.06) who self-reported current moderate to severe chronic pain and opioid use for chronic pain. Results: Results indicated that negative mood was (in part) indirectly related to opioid misuse (in part) via AS physical and cognitive concerns and was (in part) indirectly related to opioid dependence via AS cognitive concerns only. No significant indirect effects via social concerns were observed. Discussion and Conclusions: Findings suggest the importance of further exploring the role of anxiety sensitivity cognitive and physical concerns in terms of opioid misuse and dependence among adults with chronic pain.
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Older adults commonly experience difficulties efficiently searching the Internet, which can adversely affect daily functioning. This study specifically examined the neuropsychological aspects of online transit planning in 50 young...
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Older adults commonly experience difficulties efficiently searching the Internet, which can adversely affect daily functioning. This study specifically examined the neuropsychological aspects of online transit planning in 50 younger (M = 22 years) and 40 older (M = 64 years) community-dwelling adults. All participants completed a neuropsychological battery, questionnaires, and measures of Internet use and skills. Participants used a live transit planning website to complete three inter-related tasks (e.g., map a route from an airport to a specific hotel at a particular time). On a fourth Internet transit task, participants were randomized into either a support condition in which they received brief goal management training or into a control condition. Results showed that older adults were both slower and less accurate than their younger counterparts in completing the first three Internet transit tasks. Within the older adults, Internet transit accuracy showed a medium association with verbal memory, executive functions, and auditory attention, but not visuomotor speed, which was the only domain associated with Internet transit task speed in both groups. The goal management training was beneficial for plan development in younger, but not older adults. The planning supports did not impact actual Internet transit task performance in either group. Findings indicate that older adults experience difficulties quickly and accurately using a transit website to plan transportation routes, which is associated with poorer higher-order neurocognitive functions (e.g., memory). Future work might examine the benefits of established memory strategies (e.g., spaced retrieval practice) for online transit planning.
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Background The Robotic NICE procedure is a total intracorporeal natural orifice approach in which specimen extraction and anastomosis is accomplished without an abdominal wall incision other than the port sites themselves. We aim ...
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Background The Robotic NICE procedure is a total intracorporeal natural orifice approach in which specimen extraction and anastomosis is accomplished without an abdominal wall incision other than the port sites themselves. We aim to present the success rate of the NICE procedure in a large cohort of unselected consecutive patients presenting with colorectal disease using a stepwise and reproducible robotic approach. Methods Consecutive patients who presented with benign or malignant disease requiring left-sided colorectal resection and anastomosis between May 2018 and June 2021 were evaluated. Data abstracted included demographic, clinical data, disease features, intervention data, and outcomes data. The main outcome was success rate of Intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA), transrectal extraction of specimen (TRSE), and conversion rate. Results A total of 306 patients underwent NICE procedure. Diverticulitis was the main diagnosis (64%) followed by colorectal neoplasm (27%). Median operative time was 219 min, and the median estimated blood loss was 50 ml. ICA was achieved in all cases (100%). TRSE was successfully achieved in 95.4% of cases. In 14 patients (4.6%), an abdominal incision was required due to inability to extract a bulky specimen through the rectum. There overall postoperative complications rate was 12.4%. Eight patients (2.6%) experienced postoperative ileus. There were no superficial or deep surgical site infection (SSI). Eleven patients (3.6%) developed organ SSI space including 5 patients with intra-abdominal abscess and 4 patients with anastomotic leak. There was one mortality (0.3%) due to toxic megacolon from resistant Clostridium difficile. The 30-day reoperation rate was 2.9% (n = 9) including six patients presenting with organ space SSI and three patients with postoperative obstruction at the diverting loop ileostomy site. Conclusion The NICE procedure is associated with a very high success rate for both intracorporeal anastomosis and transrectal specimen extraction in a large cohort of unselected patients.
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SIGNIFICANCEWavefront-guided scleral lenses (WGSLs) reduce visually debilitating residual higher-order aberrations. Although reduced higher-order aberrations lead to improvement in monocular high-contrast visual acuity (VA), the s...
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SIGNIFICANCEWavefront-guided scleral lenses (WGSLs) reduce visually debilitating residual higher-order aberrations. Although reduced higher-order aberrations lead to improvement in monocular high-contrast visual acuity (VA), the success of the lenses in everyday life depends on additional factors such as retinal contrast, binocular balance, and stereoacuity.PURPOSEThis report describes a case where WGSLs provided improved monocular vision compared with scleral lenses (SLs) but reduced binocularity and stereoacuity.CASE REPORTA 48-year-old woman with moderate keratoconus right eye (OD) and severe left eye (OS) was fitted with SLs and WGSLs. Visual acuity with best SLs was 20/20(-2) OD and 20/25(-2) OS. Residual higher-order root-mean-square (HORMS) wavefront error (6 mm pupil) was 0.56 mu m OD and 1.38 mu m OS. Visual acuity with WGSLs was 20/16(-2) OD and 20/25(+2) OS, and residual HORMS was 0.41 mu m OD and 0.98 mu m OS. Monocularly, WGSLs were reported to provide better VA. However, binocularly, the patient reported an "imbalanced feeling" and preferred the SLs over WGSLs. Binocular VA at distance was 20/25 with SLs and 20/25(-2) with WGSL. To investigate, the Worth Four-Dot test was performed, and the outcomes reported fusion with SLs but suppression OS at distance with WGSLs. Stereoacuity was 160 arc seconds at near and 120 arc seconds at distance with SLs and 400 arc seconds at near and >1200 arc seconds at distance with WGSLs. Dichoptic contrast balancing showed a balance point of 0.48 with SLs and 0.17 with WGSLs, indicating a strong preference toward OD. Simulation of the patient's retinal image revealed a greater difference in image contrast between the two eyes with WGSLs.CONCLUSIONSWavefront-guided scleral lenses reduced HORMS and improved VA compared with SLs. However, in this case, it inadvertently caused binocular imbalance. As WGSLs become more widely available, future work should include methods to optimize binocular balance to maximize overall patient satisfaction.
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Introduction Comorbid diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with an adverse effect on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Adherence to concurrent anti-diabetics, anti-hypertensives, and lipid-lowering therapies is ess...
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Introduction Comorbid diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with an adverse effect on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Adherence to concurrent anti-diabetics, anti-hypertensives, and lipid-lowering therapies is essential to achieve therapeutic benefits. Aim The objective was to evaluate the association between adherence to concomitant oral antidiabetics, statins, and RAS antagonists (triple therapy) and CV outcomes, among elderly patients using marginal structural modeling (MSM). Methods A retrospective study was conducted among patients on concurrent triple therapy from January 2016 until December 2019. Adherence to concurrent triple therapy was measured every 6 months using proportion of days covered (PDC) to determine the different adherence groups. CV outcomes were also measured every 6 months. A MSM controlling for baseline covariates and time-varying confounders affected by prior adherence was conducted to evaluate the association between adherence and CV outcomes. A sub-analysis was conducted among patients with prior CV events to evaluate the association between adherence to triple therapy and CV outcomes using MSMs. Results The final cohort comprised of 7433 patients. The MSM model revealed no significant associations between adherence to triple/double therapies and cardiovascular outcomes. For sub-analysis, 471 patients with a prior CV event were identified. Results of the sub-analysis revealed no significant associations between adherence to triple/double therapies and CV outcomes among patients with prior CV events. Conclusion Future studies should evaluate the association with longer follow-up periods.
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Objective This study examines the psychometrics of the 15-item version of the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15). Participants An ethnically diverse sample of 538 college students participated in this study. Methods T...
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Objective This study examines the psychometrics of the 15-item version of the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15). Participants An ethnically diverse sample of 538 college students participated in this study. Methods The factor structure was evaluated through confirmatory factor analyses fitting 64 alternative models with and without method factors. Model fit as well as valid interpretations of the model parameters were considered in selecting the final model. Utilizing the final selected model, the relationship between mindfulness and the mindfulness facets with two related constructs, psychological inflexibility and emotional distress tolerance was examined. Results The five-facet second-order model with a single-method factor best fitted to the data and provided sound, interpretable estimates. After accounting for the single-method effect, overall mindfulness was positively correlated with emotional distress tolerance and negatively correlated with psychological inflexibility. Conclusions The FFMQ-15 was a valid measure of mindfulness among university students when accounting for the method factor.
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The present investigation examined associations of childhood maltreatment, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and sleep disturbance among a diverse sample of adults in psychiatric inpatient treatment. We hypothesized that childhood maltrea...
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The present investigation examined associations of childhood maltreatment, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and sleep disturbance among a diverse sample of adults in psychiatric inpatient treatment. We hypothesized that childhood maltreatment would be indirectly associated with greater sleep disturbance through elevated AS. Exploratory analyses examined the indirect effect models with three AS subscales (i.e., physical, cognitive, and social concerns) as parallel mediators. A sample of adults in acute-care psychiatric inpatient treatment (N = 88; 62.5% male; M-age = 33.32 years, SD = 11.07; 45.5% White) completed a series of self-report measures. After accounting for theoretically relevant covariates, childhood maltreatment was indirectly associated with sleep disturbance through AS. Parallel mediation analyses revealed that no individual subscale of AS significantly accounted for this association. These findings suggest that heightened levels of AS may explain the association between childhood maltreatment and sleep disturbance among adults in psychiatric inpatient treatment. Interventions targeting AS can be brief and efficacious and have the potential to improve clinical outcomes among psychiatric populations.
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Many individuals diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are uncooperative during routine dental exams, leading to poor oral health in this population. Few studies have evaluated methodologies for preparin...
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Many individuals diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are uncooperative during routine dental exams, leading to poor oral health in this population. Few studies have evaluated methodologies for preparing dental students and professionals to work effectively with patients diagnosed with IDD. In this study, experimenters used remote behavioral skills training (BST) to train dental students and professionals how to implement a practical intervention that included tell-show-do, contingent praise, and noncontingent reinforcement. Results suggested that group training conducted via videoconferencing was effective for teaching six of seven participants to implement the intervention in the absence of post-training feedback. This approach appears useful for quickly and efficiently training current and future dental professionals to implement behavior techniques to promote patient compliance.
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